FirstHR

Free Epidemiologist Job Description Templates

Free epidemiologist job description templates: public health, infectious disease, clinical, senior, and junior roles, with FLSA notes. Download DOCX.

Nick Anisimov

Nick Anisimov

FirstHR Founder

Hiring
14 min

Epidemiologist Job Description Templates

6 templates for standard, public health, infectious disease, clinical, senior, and junior roles, with the FLSA classification notes no competitor includes. Download as DOCX.

The epidemiologist job description covers a single occupation that looks different across settings. The same title can mean a public health epidemiologist running outbreak response at a health department, an infectious disease specialist tracking transmission, a clinical epidemiologist preventing infections in a hospital, or a researcher designing studies. What they share is the core: studying the patterns and causes of disease in populations.

At FirstHR, we build templates for the whole range, with two things no competitor offers: a downloadable DOCX and a clear note on FLSA classification, which for this role has a real public-sector wrinkle. The six templates below cover standard, public health, infectious disease, clinical, senior, and junior. Pick the one that fits, fill in the brackets, and post, and the guide to writing a job description covers the fundamentals.

TL;DR
Six free templates: Standard, Public Health / Government, Infectious Disease, Clinical, Senior, and Junior. An epidemiologist studies the patterns and causes of disease in populations. The role is generally exempt (learned professional), though some public-sector and entry-level roles are non-exempt. BLS lists epidemiologists (SOC 19-1041) at a median of $83,980 (May 2024), with employment projected to grow 16% through 2034.

What Does an Epidemiologist Do?

An epidemiologist studies the patterns, causes, and spread of disease and injury in populations, and turns that analysis into reports and guidance that inform public health and policy. The work includes designing studies and surveillance, analyzing health data, investigating outbreaks, applying biostatistics, and communicating findings to officials and the public.

The federal definition maps to epidemiologists (SOC 19-1041), which the Bureau of Labor Statistics describes as investigating the patterns and causes of disease and injury. The emphasis shifts by setting: public health epidemiologists run community surveillance, infectious disease epidemiologists track transmission, and clinical epidemiologists work on healthcare-associated infections. The templates split along those lines.

Where Epidemiologists Work

Epidemiology concentrates in public and institutional settings rather than small business. Government employs the largest share, followed by hospitals, research, and universities. Here is the landscape, with how pay tends to vary.

SettingFocusPay tendency
State and local governmentSurveillance, outbreak responseAround or below the median
HospitalsHealthcare-associated infections, safetyAround the median or above
Scientific research and developmentStudies, grant-funded researchWell above the median
Colleges and universitiesTeaching and researchAround the median
Pharma and research orgsClinical and pharmacoepidemiologyVaries, often above

Government, at the state and local level, employs more than half of all epidemiologists, which is why the public health template is the most common starting point. The templates here cover that and the other main settings.

Epidemiologist Duties and Responsibilities

An epidemiologist's duties cluster into surveillance and investigation, data and analysis, reporting and communication, and prevention and programs. The mix shifts by setting, but these areas hold across roles.

Surveillance and investigation
Run disease surveillance systems
Investigate outbreaks and clusters
Identify risk factors and transmission
Data and analysis
Collect, manage, and clean health data
Apply biostatistics and modeling
Ensure data quality and confidentiality
Reporting and communication
Prepare reports, briefs, and guidance
Communicate findings to officials and the public
Translate analysis into recommendations
Prevention and programs
Support disease prevention and control
Inform policy and public health action
Coordinate with partners and providers

The balance varies: a public health role leans toward surveillance and outbreak response, a clinical role toward infection data and prevention. For a structured way to scope any role, the guide to defining job responsibilities walks through the process.

Which Template Should You Use?

Pick the template by setting and seniority. The public health, infectious disease, and clinical versions match different environments, and the senior and junior versions match the level. Use this guide to choose.

Standard
Most hirers
The universal base: study disease patterns, design studies, analyze data, and prepare reports. The starting point if no specialized version fits.
Public Health / Government
Health departments
For a state or local health department, the largest employer of epidemiologists. Surveillance, outbreak response, and population health.
Infectious Disease
Communicable disease
For communicable-disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and control. Common in health departments, hospitals, and research.
Clinical / Healthcare
Hospitals and systems
For a hospital or health system: healthcare-associated infections, patient safety, and infection prevention within the care setting.
Senior / Lead
Research leadership
For leading studies, setting methodology, mentoring staff, and shaping the program. Typically a PhD-, MD-, or experienced master's-level role.
Junior / Entry-Level
First role, supervised
For an entry-level hire who supports the team and learns the field. Read the classification note, since some entry and public roles can be non-exempt.
Match the Template to Your Hire
A health department: Public Health / Government. Communicable disease focus: Infectious Disease. A hospital or health system: Clinical. Leading studies with a team: Senior. An entry-level hire: Junior. Anything else, or to start broad: Standard. Whichever you pick, classify the role by its actual duties and salary, and confirm public-sector classification against agency rules.

6 Free Epidemiologist Job Description Templates

Download all six as a single Word document or copy individual templates. Each follows the same structure: position summary, key responsibilities, qualifications, an FLSA classification note, an EEO statement, and pay. Fill in the brackets and post.

Download All 6 Templates
Standard, public health, infectious disease, clinical, senior, and junior. All in one DOCX.

Template 1: Standard Epidemiologist

The universal base: study disease patterns, design studies, analyze data, and prepare reports. The starting point if no specialized version fits.

Epidemiologist Job Description (Standard)
EPIDEMIOLOGIST JOB DESCRIPTION (STANDARD)
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Epidemiology Director / Public Health Director]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring an Epidemiologist to study the patterns,
causes, and spread of disease and injury in populations. The
epidemiologist designs studies, collects and analyzes health data, and
translates findings into reports and guidance that inform public health
and policy.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Design and conduct epidemiologic studies and surveillance
Collect, manage, and analyze health and disease data
Investigate outbreaks and identify risk factors
Apply statistical methods and modeling to data
Prepare reports, briefs, and recommendations
Communicate findings to officials and the public
Support disease prevention and control programs
Ensure data quality, ethics, and confidentiality

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in public health (MPH) or epidemiology
Strong biostatistics and data analysis skills
Proficiency with statistical software (SAS, R, Stata, or SPSS)
Clear written and verbal communication
[Relevant public health or research experience preferred]

CLASSIFICATION NOTE

An epidemiologist is generally exempt under the learned professional
exemption, since the work requires advanced knowledge acquired through
prolonged specialized study. Some public-sector roles are classified as
non-exempt depending on pay structure and duties. Classify by the actual
duties and salary, not the title, and apply the higher of the federal or
your state threshold. This is general information, not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.

Template 2: Public Health / Government Epidemiologist

For a state or local health department, the largest employer of epidemiologists. Surveillance, outbreak response, and population health.

Public Health / Government Epidemiologist Job Description
PUBLIC HEALTH / GOVERNMENT EPIDEMIOLOGIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Agency: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Epidemiology Program Manager / Health Officer]
Employment type: Full-time [classified or competitive service]
FLSA status: [Exempt or non-exempt -- confirm by classification]
Compensation: $______ - $______ [or applicable pay schedule]

ABOUT THIS ROLE

This version is built for a state or local health department, the
largest employer of epidemiologists. The focus is on disease
surveillance, outbreak response, and population health for the
community served.

POSITION SUMMARY

[Agency Name] is hiring an Epidemiologist to monitor and investigate
disease in our jurisdiction and support public health action. You will
run surveillance, respond to outbreaks, analyze data, and prepare the
reports that guide programs and policy.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Conduct disease surveillance and case investigation
Respond to outbreaks and public health emergencies
Analyze population health and notifiable-disease data
Maintain surveillance systems and data quality
Prepare reports and guidance for officials and the public
Coordinate with healthcare providers and partners
Support prevention programs and health education
Follow data privacy and reporting requirements

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in public health or epidemiology
Knowledge of surveillance and outbreak investigation
Strong biostatistics and data analysis skills
Clear communication for officials and the public
[Experience in a public health setting preferred]

FLSA NOTE

Public-sector epidemiologist roles may be classified as exempt under
the learned professional exemption or as non-exempt, depending on the
agency's pay structure and the role's duties. Confirm classification
against the applicable rules. This is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Agency Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ [or applicable pay schedule]
To apply, follow the agency application process at __.
Still Using Spreadsheets for Onboarding?
Automate documents, training assignments, task management, and track onboarding progress in real time.
See How It Works

Template 3: Infectious Disease Epidemiologist

For communicable-disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and control. Common in health departments, hospitals, and research.

Infectious Disease Epidemiologist Job Description
INFECTIOUS DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Epidemiology Director / Medical Director]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

ABOUT THIS ROLE

This version focuses on communicable disease: surveillance, outbreak
investigation, and control of infectious threats. It is common in health
departments, hospitals, and research organizations.

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring an Infectious Disease Epidemiologist to
track, investigate, and help control communicable diseases. You will
monitor surveillance data, lead outbreak investigations, identify
transmission patterns, and recommend control measures.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Monitor surveillance for infectious diseases
Lead and support outbreak investigations
Trace transmission and identify risk factors
Analyze case, contact, and laboratory data
Recommend control and prevention measures
Coordinate with labs, clinicians, and agencies
Prepare outbreak reports and guidance
Support emergency and pandemic preparedness

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in epidemiology or public health
Knowledge of infectious disease and transmission
Strong outbreak investigation and analysis skills
Proficiency with statistical software
[Field epidemiology experience preferred]

FLSA NOTE

This role is generally exempt under the learned professional exemption
when it meets the salary and duties tests. Confirm by actual duties and
salary. This is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.

Template 4: Clinical / Healthcare Epidemiologist

For a hospital or health system: healthcare-associated infections, patient safety, and infection prevention within the care setting.

Clinical / Healthcare Epidemiologist Job Description
CLINICAL / HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Infection Prevention Director / Medical Director]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

ABOUT THIS ROLE

This version is built for a hospital or health system. The focus is on
healthcare-associated infections, patient safety, and infection
prevention within the care setting.

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring a Clinical Epidemiologist to reduce
healthcare-associated infections and improve patient safety. You will
analyze infection data, support infection prevention programs, and guide
evidence-based practice across the organization.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Track and analyze healthcare-associated infections
Support infection prevention and control programs
Investigate clusters and outbreaks within facilities
Monitor compliance and outcomes data
Recommend evidence-based prevention measures
Prepare reports for quality and safety committees
Support regulatory and accreditation reporting
Collaborate with clinical and quality teams

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in epidemiology or public health
Knowledge of healthcare-associated infections
Strong data analysis and reporting skills
Familiarity with infection prevention practice
[Clinical or hospital experience preferred]

FLSA NOTE

This role is generally exempt under the learned professional exemption
when it meets the salary and duties tests. Confirm by actual duties and
salary. This is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.

Template 5: Senior / Lead Epidemiologist

For leading studies, setting methodology, mentoring staff, and shaping the program. Typically a PhD-, MD-, or experienced master's-level role.

Senior / Lead Epidemiologist Job Description
SENIOR / LEAD EPIDEMIOLOGIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Director of Epidemiology / Chief Health Officer]
Direct reports: [Epidemiologists and analysts, or none]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring a Senior Epidemiologist to lead studies,
set methodology, and mentor staff. This role owns the most complex
investigations and analyses and shapes the organization's epidemiologic
work and standards.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Lead complex studies and major investigations
Set epidemiologic methodology and quality standards
Mentor and review the work of epidemiologists
Design surveillance and research programs
Advise leadership on public health decisions
Present findings to leadership, boards, and the public
Pursue and manage grants or funded research [if applicable]
Represent the organization to partners and agencies

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

PhD, MD, or master's with extensive experience
5+ years of epidemiologic research and practice
Deep methodology, biostatistics, and study design
Strong leadership and scientific communication
Track record of published or applied research

FLSA NOTE

A senior epidemiologist is exempt under the learned professional
exemption, given the advanced knowledge and judgment the role requires.
Confirm by actual duties and salary. This is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.

Template 6: Junior / Entry-Level Epidemiologist

For an entry-level hire who supports the team and learns the field. Read the classification note, since some entry and public roles can be non-exempt.

Junior / Entry-Level Epidemiologist Job Description
JUNIOR / ENTRY-LEVEL EPIDEMIOLOGIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Senior Epidemiologist / Epidemiology Manager]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm by classification -- see note]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring a Junior Epidemiologist to support our
epidemiology team and grow into the role. This is an entry-level
position: you will collect and clean data, run analyses, and support
investigations and reports under the guidance of senior staff.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Collect, clean, and manage health data
Run analyses and prepare data summaries
Support surveillance and case investigation
Assist with outbreak response and fieldwork
Prepare charts, tables, and draft report sections
Maintain datasets and documentation
Learn the team's methods and standards
Follow data privacy and quality requirements

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in public health or epidemiology
Solid biostatistics and data analysis skills
Familiarity with statistical software
Strong attention to detail and willingness to learn
Clear written communication

CLASSIFICATION NOTE

Most epidemiologist roles are exempt under the learned professional
exemption, but an entry-level role paid below the salary threshold, or
one limited to routine data tasks, may be non-exempt. Some public-sector
roles are classified as non-exempt. Classify by actual duties and salary,
and apply the higher of the federal or your state threshold. This is
general information, not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.
Companies Using FirstHR Onboard 3x Faster
Join hundreds of small businesses who transformed their new hire experience.
See It in Action

FLSA: Is an Epidemiologist Exempt or Non-Exempt?

This is the question no competing template answers, and for an epidemiologist there is a real public-sector wrinkle. The Department of Labor is clear that the title does not decide exempt status; the actual duties and salary do.

An epidemiologist is generally a learned professional: the work requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning acquired through a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction, which is why the role typically requires a master's degree or higher. So a salaried epidemiologist doing professional analytic work is usually exempt.

The Public-Sector Wrinkle and State Thresholds
Government employs most epidemiologists, and some public-sector roles are classified as non-exempt depending on the agency's pay structure and the role's duties. An entry-level role paid below the federal threshold can be non-exempt too, regardless of the degree. Several states also set thresholds above the federal floor, so apply whichever is stricter. The guides to exempt versus non-exempt and the Fair Labor Standards Act explain how the tests work. This is general information, not legal advice.

The practical rule: classify by the real duties and pay, document the basis, and confirm public-sector and entry-level classifications carefully rather than assuming exempt from the title.

Requirements and Qualifications

This is a credential-and-method role: a graduate degree plus quantitative skill matters most, and the specifics scale by setting and seniority.

RequirementWhat to know
EducationMaster's (MPH or epidemiology) typical; PhD or MD for senior and research
Core skillsBiostatistics, study design, surveillance methods
SoftwareSAS, R, Stata, or SPSS
By settingOutbreak investigation, infection prevention, or research depth
ExperienceEntry-level support up to 5+ years for senior
CommunicationTranslating analysis for officials and the public

Separate the must-have qualifications, like the required degree and core methods, from the preferred ones, so you do not screen out strong candidates in a small talent pool. The guide to writing a job description covers how to structure the rest.

Pay and Hiring Outlook

Epidemiologists earn a solid professional wage that varies widely by setting, and the field is growing much faster than average.

BLS Data (Epidemiologists, SOC 19-1041, May 2024)
Epidemiologists had a median annual wage of $83,980 as of May 2024 (lowest 10% under $56,950, highest 10% over $134,860), with about 12,300 jobs. Employment is projected to grow 16% from 2024 to 2034, much faster than average, with roughly 800 openings a year. Pay by setting ranges from around $76,180 in local government to about $130,390 in research and development (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Anchor your range to the setting, seniority, and degree, since the spread is wide: research and private-sector roles pay well above the median, while the government roles that employ most epidemiologists tend to pay somewhat below it. A clear, competitive range matters for attracting scarce candidates in a fast-growing field.

Hiring an Epidemiologist

The honest picture: the role spans several settings, the FLSA call has a public-sector wrinkle, and it is a small, credential-heavy field with strong growth. Here are the three realities to get right.

Epidemiologist covers several settings, and the one you hire for shapes the role
Epidemiologist is a single occupation, but the work looks different across settings. A public health or government epidemiologist at a state or local health department, the largest employer of the field, runs surveillance and outbreak response for a community. An infectious disease epidemiologist focuses on communicable disease and transmission. A clinical or healthcare epidemiologist at a hospital works on healthcare-associated infections and patient safety. A research epidemiologist designs and runs studies at a university or research organization. The methods overlap, but the day-to-day, the data, and the reporting differ, so hiring the wrong focus means a poor fit. The templates on this page are split by setting and seniority precisely so you describe the actual role, and the settings section below lays out where epidemiologists work so you can match the posting to your environment.
Nobody states the FLSA classification, and for this role there is a real wrinkle
Not one top template tells you whether an epidemiologist is exempt or non-exempt, and while the default is clear, there is a genuine wrinkle. An epidemiologist is generally a learned professional: the work requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning, acquired through a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction, which is why the role typically requires a master's degree or higher. So a salaried epidemiologist doing professional analytic work is usually exempt. The wrinkle is the public sector, which employs most epidemiologists: some government roles are classified as non-exempt depending on the agency's pay structure and the role's actual duties, and an entry-level role paid below the salary threshold can be non-exempt as well. The job title does not decide it; the duties and salary do. Several states also set salary thresholds above the federal floor, and the higher one controls. State the classification on the posting and document the basis. This is general information, not legal advice.
It is a small, credential-heavy field with strong growth, so the posting has to do real work
Epidemiology is a small occupation with a high education bar and unusually strong growth, which makes a clear, specific posting matter. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counts about 12,300 epidemiologist jobs, with most positions requiring at least a master's degree, often an MPH, and senior or research roles requiring a PhD or MD. Yet the field is projected to grow much faster than average, so demand for a limited pool of qualified candidates is strong and they have options. A vague posting will not compete. The job description needs to be specific about the setting, the methods and software you use, the seniority and degree you actually require, and what the work influences, whether that is surveillance, outbreak response, patient safety, or research. Being precise about must-have versus preferred qualifications widens your pool rather than narrowing it. The templates here are built to be edited into that kind of specific, credible posting.

After You Hire: Onboarding an Epidemiologist

Onboarding an epidemiologist is more than paperwork, because this person handles sensitive, often legally protected health data. Send the offer stating the pay and classification, collect the signed offer, and complete Form I-9 and tax forms as part of the new hire paperwork.

Then handle the steps specific to a health-data role, which are the core of a clean start.

Offer and paperwork
Send the offer stating the pay and the FLSA classification, collect the signed offer, and complete Form I-9 and the W-4 and any state tax forms in the first days.
Data and systems access
Grant access to surveillance systems, statistical software, and health datasets, with the right permissions and any required data-use agreements signed first.
Privacy and compliance
Train the new hire on health-data privacy rules, confidentiality, and reporting requirements, and record that the training happened, before they handle protected data.
Methods and standards
Walk the epidemiologist through your study methods, data-quality standards, documentation expectations, and review process so the work is consistent and reproducible.

Keep the signed onboarding documents, including confidentiality and data-use agreements, in one place. If you are setting up hiring without a dedicated HR team, the overview of small business HR covers the basics.

FirstHR fits this hire directly: e-signature for the offer, confidentiality and data-use agreements, and policy acknowledgments, document management to store those signed records securely, training modules to deliver and document privacy and standards training, task workflows to grant and track data and systems access, and a simple HRIS with an org chart placing the epidemiologist in your team. Because pricing is flat rather than per seat, an organization pays one rate as it grows. FirstHR does not run payroll or administer benefits, so pair it with a payroll provider or PEO. Applicant tracking is coming soon to FirstHR.

Key Takeaways
An epidemiologist studies the patterns, causes, and spread of disease in populations to inform public health and policy.
Match the template to the setting: standard, public health, infectious disease, clinical, senior, or junior.
The role is generally exempt (learned professional), but some public-sector and entry-level roles are non-exempt.
Government employs more than half of epidemiologists; hospitals, research, and universities account for most of the rest.
Most roles require a master's, often an MPH; senior and research roles require a PhD or MD.
BLS lists epidemiologists (SOC 19-1041) at a median of $83,980 (May 2024), with 16% projected growth through 2034.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does an epidemiologist do?

An epidemiologist studies the patterns, causes, and spread of disease and injury in populations, and uses that analysis to inform public health and policy. The core work includes designing and conducting epidemiologic studies and surveillance, collecting and analyzing health data, investigating outbreaks and identifying risk factors, applying biostatistics and modeling, and preparing reports and recommendations for officials and the public. Epidemiologists also support disease prevention and control programs and coordinate with healthcare providers and partners. The federal definition maps to epidemiologists (SOC 19-1041), described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as investigating the patterns and causes of disease and injury, often working in disease surveillance and outbreak response. The emphasis shifts by setting: a public health epidemiologist at a health department runs community surveillance and outbreak response, an infectious disease epidemiologist focuses on communicable disease and transmission, a clinical epidemiologist at a hospital works on healthcare-associated infections and patient safety, and a research epidemiologist designs studies at a university or research organization. It is a quantitative, research-heavy role that typically requires at least a master's degree.

Is an epidemiologist exempt or non-exempt under the FLSA?

An epidemiologist is generally exempt under the learned professional exemption, but there is a real wrinkle worth knowing, especially in the public sector. The exemption applies when an employee's primary duty requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning that is customarily acquired through a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction. Epidemiology fits squarely, which is why the role typically requires a master's degree or higher, so a salaried epidemiologist performing professional analytic work is usually exempt. The wrinkle is that government, which employs most epidemiologists, sometimes classifies these roles as non-exempt depending on the agency's pay structure and the position's actual duties. An entry-level role paid below the federal salary threshold can also be non-exempt regardless of the degree. The Department of Labor is clear that the job title does not determine exempt status; the actual duties and salary do. Several states also set salary thresholds higher than the federal floor, and where a state standard is stricter, it controls. The practical approach is to classify based on the real duties and pay, document the basis, and confirm the public-sector classification against the agency's rules. This is general information, not legal advice.

Where do epidemiologists work?

Epidemiologists work primarily in government, hospitals, universities, and research organizations rather than in small businesses. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the largest employers are state governments and local governments, which together account for more than half of all epidemiologist jobs, reflecting the field's core role in public health surveillance and outbreak response at health departments. Beyond government, hospitals employ epidemiologists for healthcare-associated infection control and patient safety, scientific research and development services employ them for studies and grant-funded research, and colleges and universities employ them for teaching and research. Pharmaceutical companies and other research organizations also hire epidemiologists for clinical and pharmacoepidemiology work. Because the role centers on population health and concentrates in public and institutional settings, a typical small business does not employ an epidemiologist; when a smaller healthcare organization needs related expertise, it more often hires an infection preventionist or relies on public health partners. If you are hiring an epidemiologist, you are most likely doing so within a health department, hospital, university, or research organization, and the templates on this page are organized around those settings.

How much does an epidemiologist make?

Epidemiologists earn a solid professional wage that varies sharply by setting and experience. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, epidemiologists (SOC 19-1041) had a median annual wage of $83,980 as of May 2024, with the lowest 10 percent earning less than $56,950 and the highest 10 percent earning more than $134,860. Setting matters a great deal: among the top industries, scientific research and development services paid a median around $130,390, hospitals around $99,690, colleges and universities around $80,640, state government around $79,640, and local government around $76,180. In other words, research and private-sector roles tend to pay well above the median, while the government roles that employ the largest share of epidemiologists tend to pay somewhat below it. Pay also scales with education and seniority, with PhD- and MD-level senior and research roles at the upper end. For your posting, anchor the range to the setting, seniority, and degree you are hiring for rather than to the overall median, since the spread across sectors is wide, and a credible range helps attract scarce qualified candidates.

Is the epidemiologist field growing?

Yes, epidemiology is one of the faster-growing occupations, with strong projected demand. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employment of epidemiologists to grow 16 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than the average for all occupations, adding roughly 2,000 jobs over the decade. Despite that strong growth rate, the field remains small in absolute terms, with about 12,300 jobs in 2024, and BLS projects about 800 openings each year on average, including replacement needs. The growth is driven by sustained investment in public health infrastructure, disease surveillance and pandemic preparedness, and the increasing integration of data science and genomic methods into epidemiology. Because the field is small and credential-heavy, qualified candidates are relatively scarce even with steady openings, which makes a clear and specific job description important for attracting them. The trend also means strong long-term prospects for the role, though demand in the public sector in particular can be tied to government funding cycles, which is worth keeping in mind when planning a hire.

What qualifications should an epidemiologist have?

An epidemiologist typically needs at least a master's degree, most commonly a Master of Public Health (MPH) or a master's in epidemiology, and senior or research roles often require a PhD or an MD. Beyond the degree, the most important qualifications are strong biostatistics and quantitative analysis skills, proficiency with statistical software such as SAS, R, Stata, or SPSS, knowledge of study design and surveillance methods, and clear written and verbal communication to translate analysis for officials and the public. The specific emphasis depends on the setting: an infectious disease epidemiologist needs outbreak investigation and transmission expertise, a clinical epidemiologist needs knowledge of healthcare-associated infections and infection prevention, and a research epidemiologist needs depth in study design and often grant experience. Experience requirements scale with seniority, from entry-level support roles up to senior epidemiologists with extensive research and field experience. When writing the posting, separate the must-have qualifications, such as the required degree and core analytic skills, from the preferred ones, so you do not screen out strong candidates over a nice-to-have in what is a small and competitive talent pool.

What is the difference between an epidemiologist and an infection preventionist?

They overlap in healthcare settings but are distinct roles with different training and scope. An epidemiologist is a population-health scientist, usually holding a master's degree or higher, who studies disease patterns and causes across populations using study design and biostatistics, and who may work in public health, research, hospitals, or academia. An infection preventionist, often a nurse or clinical professional with specialized certification such as the CIC, works within a healthcare facility to prevent and control infections at the point of care, focusing on practice, policy, surveillance of healthcare-associated infections, and staff education. In a large hospital, a healthcare epidemiologist may set the analytic and scientific direction while infection preventionists carry out day-to-day prevention work, and the two collaborate closely. For a smaller healthcare organization, an infection preventionist is frequently the more relevant and common hire, since the role is embedded in clinical operations, whereas a dedicated epidemiologist is more typical of larger systems, health departments, and research organizations. When deciding which to hire, match the role to whether you need population-level analysis and study design, which points to an epidemiologist, or hands-on infection control in a care setting, which points to an infection preventionist.

What happens after I hire an epidemiologist?

Run a structured onboarding that covers standard employment paperwork plus the access, privacy, and standards steps specific to a health-data role. Start with the basics: send the offer stating the pay and the FLSA classification, collect the signed offer, complete Form I-9 within the first days, and gather the W-4 and any state tax forms. Then handle the items specific to an epidemiologist. Grant access to surveillance systems, statistical software, and health datasets with the right permissions, and make sure any required data-use agreements are signed before access to protected data. Because epidemiologists handle sensitive and often legally protected health data, train the new hire on data-privacy rules, confidentiality, and reporting requirements, and keep a record that the training happened, which matters in a regulated environment. Walk them through your study methods, data-quality standards, documentation expectations, and review process so the work is consistent and reproducible. A clear, documented onboarding gets a technical hire productive faster and protects the integrity and privacy of the data. FirstHR handles the onboarding layer: e-signature for the offer, confidentiality and data-use agreements, and policy acknowledgments, document management to store those signed records securely, training modules to deliver and document privacy and standards training, task workflows to grant and track data and systems access, and a simple HRIS with an org chart placing the epidemiologist in your team. FirstHR does not run payroll or administer benefits, so pair it with a payroll provider. Applicant tracking is coming soon to FirstHR.

Ready to transform your onboarding?

7-day free trial No credit card required
Start Your Free Trial