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Free Economist Job Description Templates

Free economist job description templates: government, financial, applied, senior, and junior versions, with FLSA classification guidance. Download DOCX.

Nick Anisimov

Nick Anisimov

FirstHR Founder

Hiring
14 min

Economist Job Description Templates

6 templates for standard, government, financial, applied, senior, and junior roles, with the FLSA classification guidance no competitor includes. Download as DOCX.

The economist job description covers an umbrella title that spans several different jobs. The same posting word can mean a government economist analyzing policy, a financial economist forecasting markets, an applied economist running experiments at a technology company, or a senior researcher leading a team. What they share is the core: rigorous analysis of economic data, turned into reports and guidance.

At FirstHR, we build templates for the whole range, with two things no competitor offers: a downloadable DOCX and a clear note on FLSA classification, which most template sites skip. The six templates below cover standard, government, financial, applied, senior, and junior. Pick the one that fits, fill in the brackets, and post, and the guide to writing a job description covers the fundamentals.

TL;DR
Six free templates: Standard, Government, Financial, Applied / Data, Senior, and Junior. An economist researches and analyzes economic data and prepares reports that inform decisions. The role is generally exempt under the learned professional exemption, since it requires advanced knowledge from prolonged study. BLS lists economists (SOC 19-3011) at a median of $115,440 (May 2024), with most roles requiring a master's or PhD.

What Does an Economist Do?

An economist conducts research, analyzes economic data, and prepares reports that inform decisions and policy. The work includes building and testing econometric models, forecasting trends like growth, inflation, and employment, evaluating the impact of policies or market changes, and translating complex analysis into clear reports, tables, and recommendations.

The federal definition maps to economists (SOC 19-3011), which the Bureau of Labor Statistics describes as conducting research, preparing reports, and evaluating issues related to monetary and fiscal policy. The emphasis shifts by sector: government economists focus on policy and official statistics, financial economists forecast markets, and applied economists at tech companies run experiments to guide business decisions. The templates split along those lines.

Economist Duties and Responsibilities

An economist's duties cluster into data and analysis, modeling and forecasting, reporting and communication, and rigor and standards. The mix shifts by sector, but these areas hold across roles.

Data and analysis
Collect, clean, and analyze economic data
Apply statistical and econometric methods
Work with large or complex datasets
Modeling and forecasting
Build, test, and maintain models
Forecast growth, inflation, and employment
Estimate the impact of policies or changes
Reporting and communication
Prepare reports, tables, and charts
Translate analysis into clear guidance
Present to leadership or stakeholders
Rigor and standards
Document methods for transparency
Maintain data quality and standards
Stay current with research and methods

The balance varies: a government economist leans toward policy evaluation, an applied economist toward experiments and large datasets. For a structured way to scope any role, the guide to defining job responsibilities walks through the process.

Which Template Should You Use?

Pick the template by your sector and seniority. The government, financial, and applied versions match different settings, and the senior and junior versions match the level you are hiring. Use this guide to choose.

Standard
Most hirers
The universal base: conduct research, analyze data, build models, forecast trends, and prepare reports. The starting point if no other version fits.
Government
Public sector
For a federal, state, or local agency, the largest employer of economists. Focus on policy analysis, official statistics, and program evaluation.
Financial / Private-Sector
Banks, consulting, think tanks
For a bank, asset manager, insurer, rating agency, or consulting firm. Markets, forecasts, and commentary that inform business and investment decisions.
Applied / Data
Tech and data-driven firms
For a technology company: economics meets data science, with experiments and causal analysis guiding product, pricing, and strategy.
Senior / Lead
Research leadership
For leading research, setting methodology, mentoring analysts, and owning the organization's economic view. Typically a PhD-level role.
Junior / Entry-Level
First role, supervised
For an entry-level hire who supports the research team and learns the craft. Read the classification note, since some entry roles can be non-exempt.
Match the Template to Your Hire
A public agency: Government. A bank, consultancy, or think tank: Financial. A technology or data-driven company: Applied / Data. Leading research with a team: Senior. An entry-level hire: Junior. Anything else, or to start broad: Standard. Whichever you pick, classify the role by its actual duties and salary and check your state threshold.

6 Free Economist Job Description Templates

Download all six as a single Word document or copy individual templates. Each follows the same structure: position summary, key responsibilities, qualifications, an FLSA classification note, an EEO statement, and pay. Fill in the brackets and post.

Download All 6 Templates
Standard, government, financial, applied, senior, and junior. All in one DOCX.

Template 1: Standard Economist

The universal base: conduct research, analyze data, build models, forecast trends, and prepare reports. The starting point if no other version fits.

Economist Job Description (Standard)
ECONOMIST JOB DESCRIPTION (STANDARD)
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Director of Research / Chief Economist]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring an Economist to conduct research, analyze
economic data, and prepare reports that inform decisions and policy. The
economist builds and tests models, forecasts trends, and translates
complex analysis into clear guidance for stakeholders.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Collect, clean, and analyze economic and statistical data
Build, test, and maintain econometric models
Forecast trends such as growth, inflation, and employment
Evaluate the impact of policies, programs, or market changes
Prepare reports, tables, charts, and presentations
Translate findings into clear recommendations
Stay current with economic research and methods
Collaborate with analysts, researchers, and leadership

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in economics or a closely related field
Strong econometrics and quantitative analysis skills
Proficiency with statistical software (R, Stata, SAS, or Python)
Excellent written and verbal communication
[Relevant research or applied experience preferred]

CLASSIFICATION NOTE

An economist is generally exempt under the learned professional
exemption, since the role requires advanced knowledge in a field of
science or learning acquired through prolonged specialized instruction.
Classification still depends on actual duties and salary, not the title,
and the salary must meet the higher of the federal or your state
threshold. This is general information, not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.

Template 2: Government Economist

For a federal, state, or local agency, the largest employer of economists. Policy analysis, official statistics, and program evaluation.

Government Economist Job Description
GOVERNMENT ECONOMIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Agency: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Research Director / Division Chief]
Employment type: Full-time [classified or competitive service]
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ [or applicable pay schedule]

ABOUT THIS ROLE

This version is built for a public-sector role at a federal, state, or
local agency. Government is the largest employer of economists, and
these roles focus on policy analysis, official statistics, and program
evaluation.

POSITION SUMMARY

[Agency Name] is hiring an Economist to support evidence-based policy
and program decisions. You will research economic issues, analyze data,
evaluate policy options, and prepare reports that inform agency
leadership and the public.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Research economic, fiscal, and policy questions
Analyze data and produce official estimates or forecasts
Evaluate the costs, benefits, and impact of policies
Prepare reports, briefs, and testimony for decision-makers
Maintain data quality and methodological standards
Respond to data requests from stakeholders and the public
Coordinate with other analysts and agencies
Document methods for transparency and review

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's degree in economics [some entry roles accept a bachelor's]
Strong quantitative and econometric skills
Proficiency with statistical software
Clear writing for policy and public audiences
[Knowledge of the relevant policy area preferred]

FLSA NOTE

Government economist roles are generally exempt under the learned
professional exemption. Public-sector classification and pay schedules
vary by jurisdiction; confirm against the applicable rules. This is not
legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Agency Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ [or applicable pay schedule]
To apply, follow the agency application process at __.
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Template 3: Financial / Private-Sector Economist

For a bank, asset manager, insurer, rating agency, or consulting firm. Markets, forecasts, and commentary that inform business and investment decisions.

Financial / Private-Sector Economist Job Description
FINANCIAL / PRIVATE-SECTOR ECONOMIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Company: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Chief Economist / Head of Research]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ bonus]

ABOUT THIS ROLE

This version is built for a bank, asset manager, insurer, rating
agency, consulting firm, or think tank. The emphasis is on markets,
forecasts, and commentary that inform business and investment decisions.

POSITION SUMMARY

[Company Name] is hiring an Economist to analyze markets and the
economy and produce forecasts and commentary for internal teams or
clients. You will model trends, interpret data and events, and
communicate a clear economic view.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Analyze macroeconomic and market trends
Build forecasts for rates, inflation, growth, and sectors
Interpret data releases and economic events
Produce reports, outlooks, and commentary
Brief internal teams, clients, or leadership
Support investment, pricing, or strategy decisions
Maintain models and data pipelines
Represent the firm's economic view publicly [if applicable]

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Master's or PhD in economics or finance
Strong macroeconomic and quantitative skills
Experience producing forecasts and commentary
Excellent communication for expert and lay audiences
[Financial-markets experience preferred]

FLSA NOTE

This role is exempt under the learned professional exemption when it
meets the salary and duties tests. Confirm by actual duties and salary.
This is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Company Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ bonus]
To apply, email __.

Template 4: Applied / Data Economist

For a technology company: economics meets data science, with experiments and causal analysis guiding product, pricing, and strategy.

Applied / Data Economist Job Description
APPLIED / DATA ECONOMIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Company: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Head of Economics / Data Science Lead]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ bonus, equity if applicable]

ABOUT THIS ROLE

This version is built for a technology or data-driven company. Applied
economists sit at the intersection of economics and data science,
designing experiments and causal analysis to guide product, pricing,
and strategy decisions.

POSITION SUMMARY

[Company Name] is hiring an Applied Economist to bring causal and
econometric rigor to business decisions. You will design experiments,
analyze large datasets, build models, and turn findings into
recommendations for product, pricing, and strategy teams.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Design experiments and causal-inference studies
Build econometric and statistical models at scale
Analyze large datasets to answer business questions
Estimate effects of pricing, product, and policy changes
Partner with data science, product, and engineering
Communicate results to technical and business audiences
Develop metrics and measurement frameworks
Advance the company's experimentation standards

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

PhD or master's in economics, with applied/empirical focus
Strong econometrics and causal-inference skills
Programming in Python, R, or SQL at scale
Experience with experimentation and large datasets
Clear communication of technical findings

FLSA NOTE

This role is exempt under the learned professional exemption when it
meets the salary and duties tests. Confirm by actual duties and salary.
This is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Company Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ bonus, equity if applicable]
To apply, email __.

Template 5: Senior / Lead Economist

For leading research, setting methodology, mentoring analysts, and owning the organization's economic view. Typically a PhD-level role.

Senior / Lead Economist Job Description
SENIOR / LEAD ECONOMIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Chief Economist / Director of Research]
Direct reports: [Economists and analysts, or none]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: Exempt (learned professional) [confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ bonus]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring a Senior Economist to lead research,
own the most complex analyses, and shape the economic view of the
organization. This role sets methodology, mentors analysts, and
represents the research function to leadership and stakeholders.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Lead complex research and forecasting projects
Set analytical methodology and quality standards
Own and defend the organization's economic view
Mentor and review the work of economists and analysts
Present findings to leadership, boards, or the public
Shape the research agenda and priorities
Advise on policy, strategy, or investment decisions
Represent the organization externally [if applicable]

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

PhD in economics [or master's with extensive experience]
7+ years of relevant economic research experience
Deep econometrics and forecasting expertise
Strong leadership and communication
Track record of published or applied research

FLSA NOTE

A senior economist is exempt under the learned professional exemption,
given the advanced knowledge and judgment the role requires and a
salary above the threshold. Confirm by actual duties and salary. This
is not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ bonus]
To apply, email __.

Template 6: Junior / Entry-Level Economist

For an entry-level hire who supports the research team and learns the craft. Read the classification note, since some entry roles can be non-exempt.

Junior / Entry-Level Economist Job Description
JUNIOR / ENTRY-LEVEL ECONOMIST JOB DESCRIPTION
Organization: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Senior Economist / Research Director]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm by duties and salary -- see note]
Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Organization Name] is hiring a Junior Economist to support our research
team and grow into the role. This is an entry-level position: you will
gather and clean data, run analyses, and support reports under the
guidance of senior economists.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Collect, clean, and organize economic data
Run analyses and help build models
Support forecasting and policy evaluation
Prepare charts, tables, and draft sections of reports
Review literature and summarize findings
Maintain datasets and documentation
Learn the team's methods and standards
Flag data issues and support senior staff

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

Bachelor's or master's in economics or related field
Solid quantitative and statistical skills
Familiarity with statistical software (R, Stata, or Python)
Strong attention to detail and willingness to learn
Clear written communication

CLASSIFICATION NOTE

Most economist roles are exempt under the learned professional
exemption, but an entry-level role paid below the federal salary
threshold, or one limited to routine data tasks without advanced
analysis, may be non-exempt and overtime-eligible. Classify by actual
duties and salary, not the title, and apply the higher of the federal
or your state threshold. This is general information, not legal advice.

EEO STATEMENT

[Organization Name] is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable
accommodations are available for the essential functions of this role.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $______ - $______ per year [+ benefits]
To apply, email __.
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FLSA: Is an Economist Exempt or Non-Exempt?

This is the question no competing template answers, and for an economist it has an unusually clean answer. The Department of Labor is clear that the title does not decide exempt status; the actual duties and salary do.

An economist is a textbook example of the learned professional exemption, which applies when the primary duty requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning acquired through a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction. Economics is exactly such a field, which is why the role typically requires a master's or PhD. A genuine research-and-analysis role, paid on a salary basis at or above the threshold, is exempt.

Watch Entry-Level Roles and State Thresholds
The exception is an entry-level role: an analyst paid below the federal salary threshold, or one limited to routine data tasks rather than advanced analysis, may be non-exempt and overtime-eligible. Several states also set thresholds above the federal floor, so apply whichever standard is stricter where you operate. The guides to exempt versus non-exempt and the Fair Labor Standards Act explain how the tests work. This is general information, not legal advice.

The practical rule: classify by the real duties and pay, document the basis, and give genuinely entry-level or routine roles extra scrutiny before treating them as exempt.

Types of Economist

One title, several real jobs. The sector, the methods, and the day-to-day differ enough that hiring the wrong type is a costly mismatch, and it is also why economist and economic analyst are not quite the same role.

TypeFocusTypical employer
GovernmentPolicy analysis, official statisticsFederal, state, and local agencies
Financial / private-sectorMarkets, forecasts, commentaryBanks, consultancies, think tanks
Applied / dataExperiments, causal analysisTechnology and data-driven firms
AcademicTeaching and original researchUniversities (a separate BLS category)
Health economistHealth policy and outcomesPharma, public health, agencies
Economic analyst (adjacent)Applied economic analysisBroader or more junior, varies

The last row is an adjacent, often broader or more junior title. Because organizations use these labels inconsistently, describe the actual work and degree rather than relying on the title alone.

Requirements and Qualifications

This is a credential-and-method role: the right degree plus quantitative skill matters most, and the specifics scale by sector and seniority.

RequirementWhat to know
EducationMaster's typical; PhD for research and applied; bachelor's for some government entry roles
Core skillsEconometrics, quantitative analysis, modeling
SoftwareR, Stata, SAS, Python, SQL
By sectorCausal inference and scale (applied), markets (financial), policy (government)
ExperienceEntry-level support up to 7+ years for senior
CommunicationTranslating complex analysis for varied audiences

Separate the must-have qualifications, like the required degree and core methods, from the preferred ones, so you do not screen out strong candidates in a small talent pool. The guide to writing a job description covers how to structure the rest.

Pay and Hiring Outlook

Economists are well paid, and the occupation is small and growing slowly, which makes a clear posting matter for attracting scarce candidates.

BLS Data (Economists, SOC 19-3011, May 2024)
Economists had a median annual wage of $115,440 as of May 2024 (lowest 10% under $62,340, highest 10% over $212,710), with about 17,600 jobs. Employment is projected to grow 1% from 2024 to 2034, slower than average, with roughly 900 openings a year, mostly from replacement. Most roles require at least a master's degree (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Anchor your range to the sector, seniority, and degree. Among top industries, federal government roles paid a median around $141,590 and research and development around $129,430, while state government paid less. Technology and finance roles for PhD applied economists often reach the top of the range with bonus and equity.

Hiring an Economist

The honest picture: economist is an umbrella title, the FLSA call is clean but worth documenting, and it is a small, credential-heavy field where the posting has to do real work. Here are the three realities to get right.

Economist is an umbrella title, and the sector you hire for changes the whole role
A single posting word covers several genuinely different jobs. A government economist analyzes policy and produces official statistics at a federal, state, or local agency, the sector that employs the largest share of economists. A financial or private-sector economist forecasts markets and writes commentary at a bank, consultancy, rating agency, or think tank. An applied or data economist at a technology company sits closer to data science, running experiments and causal analysis to guide product and pricing. A senior economist leads research and sets methodology, while a junior economist supports the team and learns the craft. Hiring the wrong type wastes everyone's time, because a policy economist and an applied data economist are not interchangeable. The templates on this page are split by sector and seniority precisely so you describe the actual role, and the types section below helps you tell them apart from adjacent titles like economic analyst.
Nobody states the FLSA classification, and for this role it has a clear answer worth documenting
Not one top template tells you whether an economist is exempt or non-exempt, even though the answer is unusually clean here. An economist is a textbook example of the learned professional exemption: the work requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning, economics, acquired through a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction, which is exactly why the role typically requires a master's or PhD. When the role meets the salary basis and salary level tests, it is exempt. The one place to look twice is an entry-level role: an analyst paid below the federal salary threshold, or one limited to routine data tasks rather than advanced analysis, can be non-exempt and overtime-eligible. Several states also set salary thresholds above the federal floor, and the higher one controls. Stating the classification on the posting, and documenting the basis, is a small step that protects you and signals a well-run hiring process. This is general information, not legal advice.
It is a small, credential-heavy field, so the job description has to do real work
Economist is a small occupation with a high education bar, which makes the posting matter more than for a high-volume role. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counts roughly 17,600 economist jobs, with most positions requiring at least a master's degree and many requiring a PhD, and projects only modest change over the decade, so qualified candidates are scarce and have options. A vague or generic posting will not attract them. The job description needs to be specific about the sector, the methods and tools you use, the seniority and degree you actually require, and what the work influences, whether that is policy, investment, or product decisions. Being precise about must-have versus preferred qualifications also widens your pool by not screening out strong candidates over a nice-to-have. The templates here are built to be edited into that kind of specific, credible posting rather than copied as boilerplate.

After You Hire: Onboarding an Economist

Onboarding an economist is more than paperwork, because a research hire needs data access and clear standards to be productive. Send the offer stating the pay and classification, collect the signed offer, and complete Form I-9 and tax forms as part of the new hire paperwork.

Then handle the steps specific to a research role, which are the core of a clean start.

Offer and paperwork
Send the offer stating the pay and the FLSA classification, collect the signed offer, and complete Form I-9 and the W-4 and any state tax forms in the first days.
Data and systems access
Grant access to datasets, statistical software, research repositories, and any restricted data sources, with the right permissions and any required data-use agreements signed first.
Standards and methods
Walk the new economist through your methodology, data-quality standards, documentation expectations, and review process, so research is consistent and reproducible.
Confidentiality and ethics
Have the new hire sign a confidentiality agreement and acknowledge research-integrity and conflict-of-interest policies, especially where work touches sensitive or non-public data.

Keep the signed onboarding documents, including any confidentiality and data-use agreements, in one place. If you are setting up hiring without a dedicated HR team, the overview of small business HR covers the basics.

FirstHR fits this hire directly: e-signature for the offer, confidentiality agreements, and policy acknowledgments, document management to store signed records and data-use agreements securely, training modules to deliver and document standards and policy training, task workflows to grant and track data and systems access, and a simple HRIS with an org chart placing the economist in the research team. Because pricing is flat rather than per seat, an organization pays one rate as it grows. FirstHR does not run payroll or administer benefits, so pair it with a payroll provider or PEO. Applicant tracking is coming soon to FirstHR.

Key Takeaways
An economist researches and analyzes economic data and prepares reports that inform decisions and policy.
Match the template to the role: standard, government, financial, applied, senior, or junior.
The role is generally exempt under the learned professional exemption, since it requires advanced knowledge from prolonged study.
Watch entry-level roles below the salary threshold, which can be non-exempt, and apply the higher of the federal or state threshold.
Economist is an umbrella title; describe the sector, methods, and degree rather than relying on the title alone.
BLS lists economists (SOC 19-3011) at a median of $115,440 (May 2024), a small field where most roles require a master's or PhD.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does an economist do?

An economist conducts research, analyzes data, and prepares reports that inform decisions and policy. The core work includes collecting and analyzing economic and statistical data, building and testing econometric models, forecasting trends such as growth, inflation, and employment, evaluating the impact of policies or market changes, and translating complex analysis into clear reports, tables, charts, and recommendations. The federal definition maps to economists (SOC 19-3011), which the Bureau of Labor Statistics describes as conducting research, preparing reports, and evaluating issues related to monetary and fiscal policy, along with collecting and analyzing statistical data. The emphasis shifts by sector: a government economist focuses on policy analysis and official statistics, a financial or private-sector economist forecasts markets and writes commentary, an applied or data economist at a technology company runs experiments and causal analysis to guide business decisions, and an academic economist teaches and publishes research. Across all of them, the throughline is rigorous analysis turned into guidance. It is a research-heavy, credential-heavy role: most positions require at least a master's degree, and many require a PhD.

Is an economist exempt or non-exempt under the FLSA?

An economist is generally exempt under the learned professional exemption, and it is one of the clearer cases. The exemption applies when an employee's primary duty requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning that is customarily acquired through a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction. Economics is exactly such a field, which is why the role typically requires a master's or PhD, so an economist performing genuine research and analysis, paid on a salary basis at or above the applicable threshold, is exempt. There is one place to look more carefully: an entry-level or junior role paid below the federal salary threshold, or a role limited to routine data collection and processing rather than advanced analysis, may not meet the tests and could be non-exempt and entitled to overtime. The Department of Labor is clear that the job title does not decide exempt status; the actual duties and salary do. Several states also set salary thresholds higher than the federal floor, and where a state standard is stricter, it controls. The practical approach is to classify based on the real duties and pay, document the basis, and treat genuinely entry-level or routine roles with extra care. This is general information, not legal advice.

What is the difference between an economist and an economic analyst?

The two roles overlap but differ in depth, scope, and typical credentials. An economist, in the federal occupational sense (SOC 19-3011), conducts original research, builds and tests econometric models, produces forecasts, and evaluates policy or market issues, usually with a master's or PhD and a high degree of independent analytical judgment. An economic analyst or economic research analyst is often a broader or more junior title that applies economic data and methods to support business, financial, or policy decisions, frequently with a bachelor's or master's and a more applied, less research-original focus. In practice, the line blurs by employer: some organizations call essentially the same work economist, others economic analyst, and others economic research analyst. There are also adjacent roles such as financial analyst, which centers on company and investment analysis rather than broad economic research, and econometrician, which is a specialist in the statistical methods. When you write the posting, the practical step is to describe the actual work, the methods, the seniority, and the degree you require, rather than relying on the title alone, since candidates and search engines interpret these titles inconsistently.

How much does an economist make?

Economists are well paid, with pay varying sharply by sector, seniority, and education. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, economists (SOC 19-3011) had a median annual wage of $115,440 as of May 2024, with the lowest 10 percent earning less than $62,340 and the highest 10 percent earning more than $212,710. Sector matters a great deal: among the top industries employing economists, the federal government paid a median around $141,590, scientific research and development services around $129,430, and management and technical consulting around $102,450, while state government roles paid less, around $74,520. Technology companies and financial firms hiring PhD applied economists often pay at or above the top of the range, sometimes well into the six figures with bonus and equity. For your posting, anchor the range to the sector, seniority, and degree you are hiring for, since an entry-level government analyst and a PhD applied economist at a tech company occupy very different parts of the pay scale. Listing a credible range also helps attract scarce qualified candidates in a small field.

Is the economist field growing?

The economist occupation is projected to grow slowly, with steady but limited openings. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employment of economists to grow about 1 percent from 2024 to 2034, slower than the average for all occupations, an increase of roughly 200 jobs over the decade. Despite that limited growth, about 900 openings for economists are projected each year on average, most resulting from the need to replace workers who move into other occupations or leave the labor force, such as to retire. So while the field is not expanding quickly, it does hire steadily, and demand is supported by the ongoing need for data analysis and forecasting across government, finance, consulting, and increasingly technology companies that employ applied economists. It is a small occupation overall, with roughly 17,600 jobs, which means qualified candidates are relatively scarce and a clear, specific job description matters for attracting them. The growth of applied and data economist roles in the private sector is one of the more notable recent trends, even though it does not change the modest topline projection.

What qualifications should an economist have?

An economist typically needs at least a master's degree in economics or a closely related field, and many roles, especially in research, applied data, and academia, require a PhD. Some entry-level positions, primarily in government, accept a bachelor's degree. Beyond the degree, the most important qualifications are strong econometrics and quantitative analysis skills, proficiency with statistical software such as R, Stata, SAS, or Python, the ability to build and interpret models, and excellent written and verbal communication to translate complex analysis for different audiences. The specific emphasis depends on the sector: an applied or data economist needs strong programming and causal-inference skills and experience with large datasets and experimentation, a financial economist needs macroeconomic and markets expertise, and a government economist needs policy knowledge and clear writing for public audiences. Experience requirements scale with seniority, from entry-level support roles up to senior economists with many years of research experience and a track record of published or applied work. When writing the posting, separate the must-have qualifications, such as the required degree and core methods, from the preferred ones, so you do not screen out strong candidates over a nice-to-have in a small talent pool.

Who hires economists?

Economists are concentrated in government, large organizations, and increasingly technology and finance, rather than in small businesses. Government is the largest employer, with federal, state, and local agencies together accounting for a large share of economist jobs, where they analyze policy, produce official statistics, and evaluate programs. Beyond government, major employers include management and technical consulting firms, scientific research and development organizations, banks and financial institutions, rating agencies, insurers, think tanks, universities, and central banks. A notable recent trend is the growth of applied economist teams at technology companies, which hire PhD economists to design experiments and guide product and pricing decisions. Because economist roles cluster in larger organizations and require advanced degrees, a small business rarely hires a dedicated economist; when a smaller company needs economic insight, it more often turns to a financial analyst, a consultant, or a fractional specialist. If you are hiring an economist, you are likely doing so within an agency, a research organization, a financial firm, a consultancy, or a data-driven company, and the templates on this page are organized around those settings.

What happens after I hire an economist?

Run a structured onboarding that covers standard employment paperwork plus the access and standards steps specific to a research role. Start with the basics: send the offer stating the pay and the FLSA classification, collect the signed offer, complete Form I-9 within the first days, and gather the W-4 and any state tax forms. Then handle the items specific to an economist. Grant access to the datasets, statistical software, and research repositories the role needs, with the right permissions, and make sure any required data-use agreements are signed before access to restricted or non-public data. Walk the new economist through your methodology, data-quality standards, documentation expectations, and review process so research is consistent and reproducible. Where the work touches sensitive or non-public data, have the new hire sign a confidentiality agreement and acknowledge research-integrity and conflict-of-interest policies. A clear, documented onboarding gets a research hire productive faster and protects the integrity of the work. FirstHR handles the onboarding layer: e-signature for the offer, confidentiality agreements, and policy acknowledgments, document management to store signed records and data-use agreements securely, training modules to deliver and document standards and policy training, task workflows to grant and track data and systems access, and a simple HRIS with an org chart placing the economist in the research team. FirstHR does not run payroll or administer benefits, so pair it with a payroll provider. Applicant tracking is coming soon to FirstHR.

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