FirstHR

Pilot Job Description Templates

Free pilot job description templates for charter, ag, corporate, and helicopter operators, with FAA certificate, medical, and FLSA fields. Download DOCX.

Nick Anisimov

Nick Anisimov

FirstHR Founder

Hiring
16 min

Pilot Job Description Templates

5 templates for small aviation operators, with FAA and FLSA fields. Download as DOCX.

Most pilot templates online give you one generic airline-flavored duties list, which is exactly wrong for the businesses that actually hire pilots. The pilot most small operators need is a commercial pilot, not an airline pilot, and the hire comes with FAA certificate, medical, drug-testing, and overtime-classification details that no generic template addresses. Get those right and you screen better and stay compliant from day one.

At FirstHR, we build templates for the operators making this hire: charter companies, ag-aviation businesses, corporate flight departments, and helicopter operators. The five below are built around real operation types, each with the FAA and FLSA fields generic templates leave out. Pick the one that matches your operation, fill in the brackets, and post, and the guide to writing a job description covers the fundamentals.

TL;DR
Five free templates: Commercial, Charter (Part 135), Agricultural (Part 137), Corporate, and Helicopter. The key fact: small operators hire commercial pilots, not airline pilots, and most are small-business employers. Built in: FAA certificate and medical-class requirements, drug-and-alcohol-testing compliance, and the FLSA nuance that airline pilots are exempt but corporate and helicopter pilots may not be. Pay anchor: $122,670 commercial-pilot median (BLS, May 2024).

What Does a Pilot Do?

A pilot operates and navigates aircraft safely and in compliance with regulations: flight planning, weather, weight and balance, preflight inspection, flying the aircraft, communicating with air traffic control, and maintaining records. The specifics depend on the operation. Most non-airline pilots map to commercial pilots (SOC 53-2012) in federal data.

For the employer writing the posting, the defining fact is that the pilot you are hiring is shaped by your operation, charter, ag, corporate, or helicopter, and its certificate and compliance requirements. The five templates split by operation so the document matches the real role.

Commercial vs Airline, and By Operation

The first distinction is commercial versus airline. Airline pilots fly scheduled carriers and are a large-enterprise hire; commercial pilots fly charter, cargo, tour, agricultural, corporate, and aerial work, and these are overwhelmingly small-business employers. For a small operator, the hire is a commercial pilot.

OperationTypical FAR partTypical certificate / medical
Charter / air taxiPart 135Commercial or ATP; Second/First-class
AgriculturalPart 137Commercial; Second-class
CorporatePart 91 / 91KCommercial or ATP; class per operation
Helicopter (tour/utility)Part 91 / 135Commercial (rotorcraft); Second-class
Airline (not ICP)Part 121ATP; First-class

Drone pilots (Part 107) and flight instructors (CFI) are distinct roles with their own certificates and search intent, and are best served by their own job descriptions rather than this commercial-pilot hub.

Pilot Duties and Responsibilities

Across operations, pilot duties cluster into preflight and planning, flight operations, compliance and records, and safety. The specifics differ by operation, but these areas hold for any pilot role.

Preflight and planning
Plan flights and check weather
Verify weight, balance, and fuel
Inspect the aircraft preflight
Flight operations
Operate the aircraft safely
Communicate with ATC and crew
Manage the flight to a safe landing
Compliance and records
Follow FAA regulations and procedures
Maintain logbooks and records
Keep certificates and currency valid
Safety
Ensure passenger and cargo safety
Manage risk and decision-making
Report issues and irregularities

A strong posting grounds these in your specifics: your operation type, your aircraft, the certificates and hours required, and your reporting line. For a structured way to scope any role before posting, the guide to defining job responsibilities walks through the process.

Which Template Should You Use?

Pick the template by your operation type. Each carries the certificate, medical, and compliance fields specific to that kind of flying. Use this guide to choose.

Commercial Pilot
General small operator
The core template for charter, cargo, tour, or aerial-work operators. Commercial certificate and Second-class medical.
Charter / Part 135
On-demand air taxi
For Part 135 charter operators: duty-time limits, named management structure, drug testing, and records review.
Agricultural / Crop Duster
Aerial application
For Part 137 aerial applicators: low-altitude work, pesticide handling, and applicator licensing.
Corporate Pilot
Business aviation
For company flight departments under Part 91: flying executives and staff in company aircraft.
Helicopter Pilot
Rotorcraft operations
For tour, utility, news, or aerial-work operators flying helicopters, often in demanding environments.
Match the Template to the Operation
On-demand charter: Charter (Part 135). Aerial application: Agricultural (Part 137). Company aircraft: Corporate (Part 91). Rotorcraft: Helicopter. Anything else commercial: the general Commercial template. State the required certificate and medical class, and note drug-testing and records-review requirements where they apply.

5 Free Pilot Job Description Templates

Download all five as a single Word document or copy individual templates. Each follows the same structure: operation summary, key responsibilities, certificate and medical requirements, a compliance note, reporting line, and compensation, with an EEO statement. Fill in the brackets and post.

Download All 5 Templates
Commercial, charter, agricultural, corporate, and helicopter pilot. All in one DOCX.

Template 1: Commercial Pilot (Small Operator)

The core template for charter, cargo, tour, or aerial-work operators. Commercial certificate and Second-class medical.

Commercial Pilot Job Description (Small Operator)
COMMERCIAL PILOT JOB DESCRIPTION
Operator: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Chief Pilot / Director of Operations]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm by duties, operation, and salary; see classification note]
Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ per diem]

ABOUT [OPERATOR NAME]

[One or two sentences: your operation, the aircraft you fly, and the team
this role joins.]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Operator Name] is hiring a Commercial Pilot to safely operate our
aircraft for [charter / cargo / tour / aerial work]. You will conduct
flights in compliance with FAA regulations, manage preflight and
postflight duties, and ensure the safety of passengers, cargo, and crew.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Operate aircraft safely under applicable FAR parts
Conduct preflight inspections and flight planning
Check weather, weight and balance, and fuel
Follow all FAA regulations and company procedures
Maintain accurate logbooks and flight records
Communicate with ATC, dispatch, and crew
Ensure passenger, cargo, and crew safety
Keep certificates, ratings, and currency current

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

FAA Commercial Pilot certificate [with required ratings]
Valid FAA Second-class medical certificate
[Minimum total / PIC flight hours]
[Type ratings or endorsements required]
Clean FAA and driving record

PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS

Experience in [your operation type]
ATP certificate

COMPLIANCE NOTE

This role is safety-sensitive. If the operator runs under Part 135, the
pilot is subject to FAA/DOT drug and alcohol testing and a pre-employment
records review. Verify certificates, medical, and currency before hire.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ per diem / benefits]
To apply, email __ with your resume and certificates.
[Operator Name] is an equal opportunity employer.

Template 2: Charter / Part 135 Pilot

For Part 135 charter operators: duty-time limits, named management structure, drug testing, and records review.

Charter / Part 135 Pilot Job Description
CHARTER PILOT (PART 135) JOB DESCRIPTION
Operator: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: Chief Pilot / Director of Operations
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm; air-taxi pilots may fall under §13(b)(3)]
Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ per diem]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Operator Name] is hiring a Part 135 Charter Pilot to operate on-demand
flights for our passengers. You will fly in full compliance with Part
135, manage duty and rest within limits, and deliver safe, professional
service.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Operate Part 135 on-demand charter flights
Comply with Part 135 rules and operations specifications
Manage flight and duty time within Section 135.267 limits
Conduct preflight planning, weather, and weight and balance
Maintain logbooks, records, and currency
Coordinate with the Chief Pilot and Director of Operations
Deliver safe, professional passenger service
Complete required training and checkrides

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

FAA Commercial certificate [ATP if required for the operation]
Valid FAA Second-class medical [First-class if ATP/PIC requires]
[Part 135 PIC minimums and required hours]
Subject to FAA/DOT drug and alcohol testing
Pre-employment records review (PRIA / Pilot Records Database)

PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS

Prior Part 135 experience
Type ratings for our fleet

COMPLIANCE NOTE

Part 135 operations require a named management structure (Director of
Operations, Chief Pilot, Director of Maintenance) and a drug and alcohol
testing program in place before operations begin. Single-pilot operators
have specific exceptions.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ per diem]
To apply, email __ with your resume and certificates.
[Operator Name] is an equal opportunity employer.
Still Using Spreadsheets for Onboarding?
Automate documents, training assignments, task management, and track onboarding progress in real time.
See How It Works

Template 3: Agricultural / Crop Duster Pilot

For Part 137 aerial applicators: low-altitude work, pesticide handling, and applicator licensing.

Agricultural / Crop Duster Pilot Job Description
AGRICULTURAL PILOT (PART 137) JOB DESCRIPTION
Operator: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Owner / Chief Pilot]
Employment type: Full-time or seasonal, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm by duties and salary]
Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ per acre / season]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Operator Name] is hiring an Agricultural Pilot to perform aerial
application for our farm clients. You will fly low-altitude application
work safely and precisely, handle materials responsibly, and keep
accurate application records.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Perform aerial application (spraying, seeding, dusting)
Fly precise, low-altitude patterns safely
Manage wire-strike and obstacle awareness
Load, mix, and handle materials responsibly
Maintain application and pesticide records
Calibrate equipment and verify coverage
Follow FAA Part 137 and EPA/state requirements
Keep certificates, medical, and currency current

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

FAA Commercial Pilot certificate
Valid FAA Second-class medical certificate
[Tailwheel / ag aircraft experience]
State pesticide-applicator license [or ability to obtain]
Knowledge of Part 137 operations

PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS

Prior aerial-application experience
Mechanical and equipment knowledge

COMPLIANCE NOTE

Aerial application requires a Part 137 Agricultural Aircraft Operator
Certificate, a Knowledge and Skills demonstration, and recordkeeping for
both FAA and pesticide/EPA purposes. Verify applicator licensing.

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ per acre / season]
To apply, email __ with your resume and certificates.
[Operator Name] is an equal opportunity employer.

Template 4: Corporate Pilot (Part 91)

For company flight departments under Part 91: flying executives and staff in company aircraft.

Corporate Pilot Job Description (Part 91)
CORPORATE PILOT JOB DESCRIPTION
Company: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Aviation Manager / Owner]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm; corporate pilots are often evaluated under §13(a)(1)]
Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Company Name] is hiring a Corporate Pilot to operate our company
aircraft for business travel. You will fly executives and staff safely
and professionally, manage the aircraft, and ensure regulatory
compliance.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Operate company aircraft for business travel
Plan flights, check weather, and manage logistics
Conduct preflight and postflight duties
Ensure aircraft airworthiness and scheduling
Provide safe, discreet, professional service
Maintain logbooks, records, and currency
Coordinate maintenance and trip planning
Follow FAA Part 91 (or 91K) requirements

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

FAA Commercial certificate [ATP often preferred]
Valid FAA medical certificate [class per operation]
[Type ratings for the company aircraft]
[Minimum total and PIC hours]
Professional demeanor and discretion

PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS

Prior corporate or business-aviation experience
International operations experience

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ benefits]
To apply, email __ with your resume and certificates.
[Company Name] is an equal opportunity employer.

Template 5: Helicopter Pilot

For tour, utility, news, or aerial-work operators flying helicopters, often in demanding environments.

Helicopter Pilot Job Description
HELICOPTER PILOT JOB DESCRIPTION
Operator: __ ([City, State])
Reports to: [Chief Pilot / Operations Manager]
Employment type: Full-time, W-2 employee
FLSA status: [Confirm; helicopter pilots are often evaluated under §13(a)(1)]
Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ benefits]

POSITION SUMMARY

[Operator Name] is hiring a Helicopter Pilot for our [tour / utility /
news / aerial-work] operation. You will operate rotorcraft safely,
manage demanding flight environments, and deliver professional service.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

Operate helicopters safely for [operation type]
Conduct preflight planning and inspections
Manage confined-area and low-altitude operations
Monitor weather and aircraft performance
Maintain logbooks, records, and currency
Communicate with ATC, ground, and crew
Ensure passenger and crew safety
Follow FAA regulations and company procedures

REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS

FAA Commercial certificate (rotorcraft-helicopter)
Valid FAA Second-class medical certificate
[Minimum rotorcraft flight hours]
[Specific helicopter type / turbine time]
Strong situational awareness and judgment

PREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS

Experience in [tour / EMS / utility / news]
External-load or night experience

COMPENSATION AND HOW TO APPLY

Compensation: $_ - $_ [+ benefits]
To apply, email __ with your resume and certificates.
[Operator Name] is an equal opportunity employer.
Companies Using FirstHR Onboard 3x Faster
Join hundreds of small businesses who transformed their new hire experience.
See It in Action

FAA Certificates and Medical Classes

The certificate and medical class your operation requires are the most important fields in a pilot job description. Spell them out so applicants self-select. The tables below summarize the common requirements.

CertificateUsed for
Commercial PilotPaid charter, cargo, tour, ag, corporate flying
Airline Transport Pilot (ATP)Airline operations and many Part 135 PIC roles
CFI / CFII / MEIFlight instruction (separate role)
Part 107 Remote PilotCommercial drone operations (separate role)
Medical classRequired for
First-classATP and airline pilot-in-command duties
Second-classCommercial: charter, cargo, crop dusting, tours
Third-classPrivate, student, and CFI acting as PIC

State the certificate, ratings, medical class, minimum hours, and any type ratings your operation requires. Requirements come directly from FAA regulations, so confirm the current rules for your operation.

FAA and DOT Drug and Alcohol Testing

This is a compliance area generic templates ignore, and it is mandatory for many operations.

Testing Is Mandatory for Part 135 and Part 121
FAA and DOT drug and alcohol testing is required for operators authorized under Part 135 charter or Part 121 airline rules, and certain air-tour operations, with the program in place before operations begin. Covered safety-sensitive functions include flight-crew and flight-instruction duties, so pilots and instructors are subject to pre-employment, random, reasonable-suspicion, and post-accident testing. A small operator that is not a Part 121 airline and has 50 or fewer covered employees may use a single trained supervisor for reasonable-cause determinations. Part 91 private and corporate flying not for hire is generally outside this program. Confirm your obligations with FAA guidance and a compliance professional.

Build testing enrollment and the policy acknowledgment into your hiring and onboarding so it is handled before the pilot starts flying. This is general information, not legal advice.

FLSA: Are Pilots Exempt?

Pilot overtime classification is more nuanced than the title suggests, and it catches small operators out.

Airline Pilots Exempt; Corporate and Helicopter May Not Be
Airline pilots are generally exempt from overtime under a Fair Labor Standards Act provision for employees of air carriers subject to the Railway Labor Act, and the Department of Labor has indicated air-taxi and commuter pilots of certificated carriers in interstate operations can fall under it too. But corporate jet and helicopter pilots are evaluated under the standard white-collar tests, and the DOL's longstanding position is that pilots generally do not qualify for the professional exemption, since their primary duty is piloting. A DOL opinion letter found civilian helicopter pilots non-exempt. Some pilots may still be exempt as highly compensated employees, and courts have differed, so it is fact- and pay-specific. Review the DOL overtime guidance and classify by the actual operation and pay.

Do not assume a corporate or helicopter pilot is automatically exempt. For the underlying rules, the exempt vs non-exempt guide and the Fair Labor Standards Act guide explain the tests. This is general information, not legal advice; confirm with an aviation employment attorney.

Pilot Pay

Pay depends heavily on the type of flying, and the commercial-versus-airline gap is large.

Pilot Pay (BLS, May 2024)
Commercial pilots, who fly charter, cargo, tour, ag, and corporate operations, had a median of $122,670 a year (lowest 10 percent under $59,330). Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers, who fly scheduled carriers, had a median of $226,600 (lowest 10 percent under $98,560) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Since a small operator is almost always hiring a commercial pilot, the commercial figure is the relevant benchmark, though pay varies widely by operation, aircraft, and experience, and ag and seasonal work is often structured per acre or per season. Use current local market data for your operation and region.

A Note on the Data
The figures above are the two federal pilot categories: commercial pilots for non-airline flying and airline pilots for scheduled carriers. There is no dedicated occupation code for drone pilots, whose pay comes from third-party estimates and runs lower. Use the commercial-pilot median as the starting reference for a small-operator hire and confirm against current local market data for your operation type.

Hiring Your First Pilot

A large airline has compliance, HR, and training departments for these requirements. A small charter, ag, corporate, or helicopter operator hiring its first pilot manages the certificate verification, testing, records, and classification itself. Here are the three realities that matter most.

The pilot you are hiring is almost certainly a commercial pilot, not an airline pilot
The word pilot covers two very different hiring realities, and most templates blur them. Airline pilots fly for scheduled passenger and cargo carriers; that is a large-enterprise job, and federal data shows the vast majority of airline pilots work for scheduled air transportation. Commercial pilots, by contrast, fly charter, cargo, tour, agricultural, corporate, and aerial-work operations, and these are overwhelmingly small-business employers: the largest single employer of commercial pilots is nonscheduled (charter) air transportation, followed by flight schools, support activities, and air ambulance. So if you are a charter operator, a flight school, an ag-aviation business, or a company flight department hiring a pilot, you are hiring a commercial pilot, and your job description should reflect your operation and the certificates it requires, not generic airline language. The pay reflects this too: the commercial-pilot median is well below the airline-pilot median. The templates on this page are built for the small-operator commercial-pilot reality, with separate versions for charter, agricultural, corporate, and helicopter operations.
Pilot pay and overtime classification under the FLSA are not as simple as the title suggests
Pilot overtime classification is genuinely nuanced, and it is a real pain point for small operators. Airline pilots are generally exempt from overtime under a specific Fair Labor Standards Act provision for employees of air carriers subject to the Railway Labor Act, and the Department of Labor has indicated that air-taxi and commuter pilots of certificated carriers in interstate operations can fall under the same provision. But other pilots, such as corporate jet and helicopter pilots, are evaluated under the standard white-collar exemption tests, and the Department of Labor's longstanding position is that pilots generally do not qualify for the professional exemption, because their primary duty is piloting rather than work requiring advanced specialized academic knowledge. A DOL opinion letter found civilian helicopter pilots non-exempt on exactly that reasoning. Some pilots may still be exempt as highly compensated employees if they earn above that threshold while performing non-manual work, and courts have reached different conclusions, so the analysis is fact- and pay-specific. The practical takeaway for a small operator: do not assume your corporate or helicopter pilot is automatically exempt; classify by the actual operation, duties, and pay, and confirm with an aviation employment attorney.
A first pilot hire carries an FAA and DOT compliance load most small businesses underestimate
Hiring your first pilot, especially for a Part 135 charter or Part 137 ag operation, brings a compliance burden far heavier than a typical small-business hire, and it has to be handled correctly from the start. Depending on the operation, that can include FAA certificate and medical verification, a pre-employment pilot records review before placing a pilot in service, enrollment in an FAA and DOT drug and alcohol testing program with the required random rates, and, for Part 135, a named management structure of Director of Operations, Chief Pilot, and Director of Maintenance. Small operators get a few accommodations, such as a single trained supervisor for reasonable-cause determinations when they have 50 or fewer covered employees, and single-pilot exceptions, but the obligations are real and start before operations begin. FirstHR helps you manage the people-and-paperwork side: e-signature for offer letters and policy acknowledgments such as the drug and alcohol policy and rest and fitness-for-duty policies, document management to store pilot certificates, medical certificates, training and currency records, and records-review documentation, onboarding task workflows and an AI onboarding wizard to sequence verification and training steps, training modules for required orientation, and an HRIS with an org chart that maps your required management structure. Because pricing is flat rather than per seat, adding pilots and crew as you grow does not raise the cost. FirstHR does not run payroll, conduct drug testing, or provide legal advice, so pair it with your testing consortium, payroll provider, and an aviation attorney. Applicant tracking is coming soon to FirstHR.

After You Hire: Onboarding a Pilot

A pilot hire has more onboarding steps than a typical role, because of the FAA and DOT requirements. Send the offer letter with the classification and pay, collect the signed offer, and complete Form I-9 and tax forms as part of the new hire paperwork.

Then handle the aviation-specific steps: verify the certificate, ratings, and medical, complete any pre-employment records review, enroll the pilot in the drug-and-alcohol program and capture the policy acknowledgment, and store training and currency records, keeping signed onboarding documents in one place. The offer letter template covers the terms, and the onboarding checklist gives you a repeatable process.

FirstHR helps you manage this: e-signature for offer letters and policy acknowledgments such as the drug-and-alcohol and rest policies, document management to store certificates, medical certificates, training and currency records, and records-review documentation, onboarding task workflows and an AI onboarding wizard to sequence verification and training, training modules for required orientation, and an HRIS with an org chart that maps the management structure Part 135 requires. Because pricing is flat rather than per seat, adding pilots and crew as you grow does not raise the cost. FirstHR does not run payroll, conduct drug testing, or provide legal advice, so pair it with your testing consortium, payroll provider, and an aviation attorney. Applicant tracking is coming soon to FirstHR.

Key Takeaways
Small aviation operators hire commercial pilots (SOC 53-2012), not airline pilots; commercial flying is overwhelmingly a small-business occupation.
Match the job description to your operation: charter (Part 135), agricultural (Part 137), corporate (Part 91), or helicopter, each with different requirements.
State the FAA certificate and medical class clearly: Commercial certificate and Second-class medical for most commercial flying; ATP and First-class where required.
FAA and DOT drug-and-alcohol testing is mandatory for Part 135 and Part 121; small operators with 50 or fewer covered employees get a single-supervisor accommodation.
FLSA is nuanced: airline and air-taxi pilots are often exempt, but corporate and helicopter pilots may be non-exempt unless highly compensated. Classify carefully.
Pay anchor: commercial pilots $122,670 median versus airline pilots $226,600 (BLS, May 2024); use the commercial figure for small-operator hires.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a pilot do?

A pilot operates and navigates aircraft to transport passengers or cargo, perform aerial work, or provide other flight services, safely and in compliance with regulations. The core duties include flight planning, checking weather, calculating weight and balance and fuel, conducting preflight inspections, operating the aircraft, communicating with air traffic control, managing the flight to a safe landing, and maintaining logbooks and records. Beyond those fundamentals, the specifics depend heavily on the type of operation. A charter pilot flies on-demand passenger or cargo trips under Part 135, an agricultural pilot performs low-altitude aerial application, a corporate pilot flies company aircraft for business travel, and a helicopter pilot operates rotorcraft for tours, utility, news, or emergency work. In federal data, most non-airline pilots fall under commercial pilots (SOC 53-2012), while airline pilots who fly for scheduled carriers are a separate category. For hiring, the most important step is matching the job description to your specific operation and the certificates it requires. The templates on this page cover the main small-operator pilot roles.

What is the difference between a commercial pilot and an airline pilot?

The distinction matters for hiring because the two work in very different settings. An airline pilot flies for a scheduled passenger or cargo carrier, holds an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate, and works for what is almost always a large enterprise; federal data shows the vast majority of airline pilots are employed by scheduled air transportation. A commercial pilot holds a Commercial Pilot certificate, which is the certificate required to be paid for flying, and works in non-airline operations like charter, cargo, tours, agricultural application, corporate flight departments, and aerial work, which are overwhelmingly small businesses. In fact, the largest single employer of commercial pilots is nonscheduled (charter) air transportation, followed by flight schools and air ambulance services. Pay differs accordingly: the commercial-pilot median is well below the airline-pilot median. For a small aviation operator, the hire is almost always a commercial pilot, so the job description should be written around your operation and certificate requirements rather than generic airline framing. The templates on this page are built for that commercial, small-operator reality.

What certificates and medical does a pilot need?

It depends on the operation, and getting this right in the job description saves time. The certificate establishes what the pilot is qualified and authorized to do: a Commercial Pilot certificate is required to be paid for most charter, cargo, tour, agricultural, and corporate flying, while an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate is required for airline operations and for pilot-in-command roles in many Part 135 and larger operations. Flight instructors need a CFI certificate, and commercial drone pilots need a Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate. The FAA medical certificate has three classes tied to the role: a First-class medical is required for ATP and airline pilot-in-command duties, a Second-class medical is required for commercial operations such as charter, cargo, crop dusting, tours, and carrying passengers or cargo for hire, and a Third-class medical covers private and student flying and a flight instructor acting as pilot in command. Specify the certificate, ratings, and medical class your operation requires in the posting, along with any minimum flight hours and type ratings, so applicants self-select accurately. The certificate and medical tables on this page summarize the requirements by role.

Are pilots required to undergo drug and alcohol testing?

For many operations, yes. FAA and DOT drug and alcohol testing is mandatory for operators holding the relevant certificates, including those authorized under Part 135 charter and Part 121 airline rules, as well as certain air-tour operations, and the program must be in place before operations begin. The covered safety-sensitive functions explicitly include flight-crew and flight-instruction duties, so pilots and instructors in these operations are subject to pre-employment, random, reasonable-suspicion, and post-accident testing, with minimum random rates set annually. There is a meaningful accommodation for small operators: an operator that is not a Part 121 airline and has 50 or fewer covered employees may use a single trained supervisor to make reasonable-cause determinations, rather than maintaining a larger compliance structure. Part 91 private and corporate operations that are not for hire generally are not subject to the same FAA testing program, though other rules may apply. Because the requirements depend on your certificate and operation type, confirm your specific obligations with the FAA guidance and an aviation compliance professional, and build the testing enrollment and acknowledgment into your hiring and onboarding process.

Are pilots exempt or non-exempt under the FLSA?

It is genuinely nuanced and depends on the operation and pay. Airline pilots are generally exempt from overtime under a specific Fair Labor Standards Act provision covering employees of air carriers subject to the Railway Labor Act, and the Department of Labor has indicated that air-taxi and commuter pilots of certificated carriers engaged in interstate operations can fall under the same provision. However, other pilots, such as corporate jet and helicopter pilots, are evaluated under the standard white-collar exemption tests, and the Department of Labor's longstanding position is that pilots generally do not qualify for the professional exemption, because their primary duty is piloting rather than work requiring advanced academic knowledge. A DOL opinion letter found civilian helicopter pilots non-exempt on that basis. Some pilots may still be exempt as highly compensated employees if they earn above that threshold while performing non-manual work, and courts have not always agreed with the DOL, so the determination is fact- and compensation-specific. The practical point for a small operator is not to assume a corporate or helicopter pilot is automatically exempt: classify by the actual operation, duties, and pay, and confirm with an aviation employment attorney.

How much does a pilot make?

Pay depends heavily on the type of flying. In federal data for May 2024, airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers had a median annual wage of $226,600, with the lowest 10 percent under $98,560, reflecting the large scheduled carriers that employ most airline pilots. Commercial pilots, who fly charter, cargo, tour, agricultural, corporate, and aerial-work operations, had a median of $122,670, with the lowest 10 percent under $59,330. Since a small aviation operator is almost always hiring a commercial pilot, the commercial figure is the relevant benchmark, though actual pay varies widely by operation, aircraft, experience, and region, and ag and seasonal work is often structured per acre or per season rather than as a flat salary. There is no dedicated federal occupation code for drone pilots, so their pay comes from third-party estimates and runs lower. Use the commercial-pilot benchmark as a starting reference, adjust for your operation type and the certificates and hours you require, and confirm against current local market data.

When should a small aviation operator hire its first pilot?

A small operator typically hires its first pilot, beyond the owner-operator, when flight demand exceeds what the owner or existing crew can safely handle, or when launching an operation that requires dedicated pilots, such as a new Part 135 charter or Part 137 ag business. The signals are practical: turning away flights, owner fatigue or duty-time pressure, or the need to operate while the owner handles the business. Because the first pilot hire carries real FAA and DOT compliance obligations, certificate and medical verification, a records review, drug-and-alcohol-program enrollment, and, for Part 135, a named management structure, it is worth setting up a repeatable process from the start rather than improvising. When you do hire, be clear in the posting about the operation type, the certificates and medical class required, minimum hours, and the compliance expectations, so candidates self-select and you reduce screening time. The commercial and charter templates on this page give you a ready starting point that already includes the certificate, medical, and compliance fields generic templates omit.

What about drone pilots and flight instructors?

Both are related but distinct enough to warrant their own treatment. A commercial drone or UAV pilot operates unmanned aircraft for survey, inspection, construction, real-estate, or agricultural work, and needs an FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate rather than a traditional pilot certificate and FAA medical; drone operations also involve airspace authorization rather than the same drug-testing rules, unless flown under Part 121 or 135. A flight instructor (CFI) teaches student pilots at a flight school or FBO, needs a CFI certificate (with CFII or MEI for instrument and multi-engine instruction), and works under Part 61 or 141, with flight instruction itself being a covered safety-sensitive function for drug-testing purposes in certificated operations. Because these roles have different certificates, search intent, and hiring contexts, they are best served by dedicated job descriptions rather than folded into a general pilot template. This page focuses on commercial pilots for small aviation operators; drone-pilot and flight-instructor descriptions are handled separately so each can carry the right certificate and compliance detail.

Ready to transform your onboarding?

7-day free trial No credit card required
Start Your Free Trial